I dunno, I'm not a big fan of Vegas, and I've been there many times. During the day there's really not much to do, depending on what you like to do. Yeah, you can go golfing if you like that and it's not freakin' freezing outside like it gets in the winter. Or you can drive out to the lake and go boating and stuff. Otherwise you're gonna go gambling, and that's about it. And as far as strip clubs, personally I think they generally suck. Overpriced, low mileage, and you just get the feeling that they're out to suck every penny out of your wallet. But it's Vegas, and if you love it, now's probably a good time since prices are way down.
As far as other places, it's starting to get cold out, and unless you don't mind the cold and the snow, given the choice I'd tend to head to places like Florida, Texas, and the Southwest. Detroit? Maybe the clubs are fun, but the last place I want to be, especially in the winter is freakin' Detroit. But to each his own.
Personally, I'd probably head to Miami. Good weather, beaches, insanely hot chicks, night clubs, lots of stuff to do.
Phoenix clubs are great, but in the "other stuff to do" category it doesn't come close. But if I was going just for the clubs (as I've done before), it's a good place to go. High mileage, hot girls, nice weather.
I would also consider LA even though the OP dismissed it. Though I'm not certain if you can find clubs with exactly all the requirements the OP listed. But in terms of "other stuff to do", there's an insane amount of things to do (beaches, mountains, sports, etc.), great weather (it's in the high 90's and not a cloud in the sky today), and some of the clubs are excellent. But again it depends on what you want to do.
And someone mentioned Providence? As in, Rhode Island? You gotta be kidding.