Cobalt is considered the highest material supply chain risk for electric vehicles (EVs) in the short and medium term. EV batteries can have up to 20 kg of Co in each 100 kilowatt-hour (kWh) pack. Right now, Co can make up to 20% of the weight of the cathode in lithium ion EV batteries. There are economic, security, and societal drivers to reduce Co content. Cobalt is mined as a secondary material from mixed nickel (Ni) and copper ores. This means the supply is not independent of other commodity businesses and introducing new recovery projects is expensive. Moreover, the United States does not have large reserves for Co, and the extraction and early stage processing is concentrated in a small number of countries outside the United States. Therefore, the United States is looking to secure sources of Co, to drastically reduce the Co content in LiBs, or both.
I am distraught to see that Elon Musk is brown nosing the Chinese state and carrying water for them. He is dependent on their approval for his Chinese manufacturing, and all throughout his operation for getting materials from them.
Panasonic, Nissan Motors, and Tesla intend to start using cobalt-free EV batteries within the next few years
The blended nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion battery is the current and most popular supported choice.
Cobalt, the expensive, rare, and toxic blue mineral that used to make up the entirety of the cathode of the widely-used lithium-ion batteries will gradually disappear in future electric vehicles, making them not only less environmentally harmful, but also cheaper. At least that’s the picture painted by the world’s largest EV battery makers at this year’s virtual Consumer Electronics Show (CES).
Why is it essential to go cobalt-free?
To put it simply, batteries typically account for 30% to 40% of an electric vehicle’s cost, and cobalt is one of the most expensive raw materials in the production process. By doing away with cobalt, EV-makers will be able to lower the cost and price of electric cars by up to a third. In fact, cobalt-free batteries already exist; they instead use lithium iron phosphate (or LFP) as a positive electrode material. But these batteries do not carry a charge for long and are only serviceable over short distances.
To begin with, from a commercial standpoint, cobalt is no friend of Li-ion battery manufacturers – owing to the high cost of extracting the element ready for application. This has led to many manufacturers seeking to eradicate the material, although this has not yet been fully achieved. As of now, the cost of cobalt is also set to rise as an effect of its dwindling supplies. In fact, the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) in Germany predicted that the supply of the metal will hit critically low levels by 2050, leading to an increased need to replace its use with new technology.
Finally, from an ethical and environmental standpoint, the material is also seen as an ingredient that quickly needs replacing. The mining process is notoriously unhealthy for its workers, with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reporting that “chronic exposure to cobalt-containing hard metal (dust or fume) can result in a serious lung disease called ‘hard metal lung disease.’”
Who is changing their electric vehicle batteries?
Panasonic, a major battery supplier to Tesla, unveiled earlier this year, its new lithium-ion cells that contain less than 5% cobalt. The Japanese company plan to further reduce that percentage to zero in the next two to three years, which is challenging from a manufacturing perspective but is worth the effort for both economic and environmental reasons. A
Another Japanese automaker, Nissan Motor, intends to start using cobalt-free EV batteries by the mid-2020s, according to Nikkei, as the rare metal element falls into short supply and concern rises about further price increases now that global demand for EVs is swelling. Nissan basically wants to reduce the cost of EVs, without affecting the range of these cars on a single charge. Their rivals are also racing toward the same goal lines whereby Tesla is currently striving to reduce the positive electrode’s cobalt composition ratio to a few percent. Its ultimate goal to
23 comments
DIY lithium batteries : how to build your own battery packs / written by Micah Toll. (2017)
Emerging nanotechnologies in rechargeable energy storage systems / edited by Lide M. Rodriguez-Martinez, Noshin Omar (2017)
The powerhouse : America, China, and the great battery war / Steve LeVine. (2016)
Lithium process chemistry : resources, extraction, batteries, and recycling / edited by Alexandre Chagnes, Jolanta Swiatowska. (2015)
The powerhouse : inside the invention of a battery to save the world / Steve LeVine. (2015)
The TAB battery book : an in-depth guide to construction, design, and use / Michael Root (2011)
Linden's handbook of batteries / Thomas B. Reddy, editor, David Linden, editor emeritus. (2011)
SJG
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=htt…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-io…
SJG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_co…
https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Ar…
April 6, 2021
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/art…
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/how…
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/veh…
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/art…
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://youtu.be/S8T4ZSIOysQ?t=4415
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-stat…
Nanotechnology : the future is tiny / Michael Berger (2016)
SJG
Murphy Beds
https://frequentsearches.com/index.php?r…
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
SJG
Age of living machines : how biology will build the next technology revolution / Susan Hockfield. (2020)
Engine emission control technologies : design modifications and pollution mitigation techniques / G. Amba Prasad Rao, PhD, T. Karthikeya Sharma, PhD (2020)
Grid-scale energy storage systems and applications / edited by Fu-Bao Wu, Bo Yang, Ji-Lei Ye (2019)
The fully charged guide to electric vehicles & clean energy / Robert Llewellyn and his fully charged friends. (2020)
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
Electric vehicles : technology, policy, and commercial development / João Vitor Fernandes Serra. (2012)
SJG
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20…
Wired
https://www.wired.com/story/this-cobalt-…
Tesla
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmorris…
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/…
Panasonic and GM
https://observer.com/2021/01/electric-ve…
talks about new cathode design
https://cen.acs.org/energy/energy-storag…
maybe reducing EV costs by up to 1/3
https://techwireasia.com/2021/04/the-fut…
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Articl…
https://www.engadget.com/svolt-colbalt-f…
SJG
TJ Street
https://tuscl.net/photo.php?id=8868
OMS Martinism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j46T-7ha…
harness
https://www.etsy.com/listing/738192233/b…
Aug 2021, new TJ Street Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YcMg9JW…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcAQlB5I…
DIY lithium batteries : how to build your own battery packs / written by Micah Toll. (2017)
Bottled lightning : superbatteries, electric cars, and the new lithium economy / Seth Fletcher. (2011)
An American solution for reducing carbon emissions, averting global warming, creating green energy and sustainable employment / Andre Dupont. (2009)
Off grid solar : a handbook for photovoltaics with lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries / Joseph P. O'Connor (2019)
Lithium-ion batteries : science and technologies / Masaki Yoshio, Ralph J. Brodd, Akiya Kozawa, editors. (2009)
SJG
Satanic Cults: The Brotherhood of the Golden Arrow
https://demiworld.net/brotherhood-of-the…
TJ Street
https://tuscl.net/photo.php?id=8868
Battery and Fuel Cell Technology
https://www.electrive.com/category/batte…
SJG
HIS REACTION WHEN SHE SINGS | Unchained Melody - Righteous Brothers | Allie Sherlock & Cuan Durkin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uecFirb…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWAO3vUn…
SJG
white
https://tuscl.net/photo.php?id=9419
INTRODUCING MEDARO MINING CORP.
https://invest.thefinancialstar.com/meda…
SJG
Peter Frampton - Do You Feel Like We Do - Live 2016, w/ Rob Arthur on keyboads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5PgG4ak…
GEORGE FEST - Norah Jones - SOMETHING @ Fonda 09-28-14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC42CJoB…
https://banyanhill.com/exclusives/new-ba…
?????
SJG
Frampton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVCWaWFm…
Jennifer Fischer
https://jenniferfisherjewelry.com/collec…
TJ Street
https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7290/9620…
This is a most negative turn from Musk.
SJG
70s Electric Miles Davis Mix (Jazz, Jazz Funk, Jazz Rock, Fusion..)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBTQzsxf…
https://banyanhill.com/exclusives/new-ba…
Maybe reducing EV costs
https://jenniferfisherjewelry.com/collec…
SJG
Jenny Fischer
https://jenniferfisherjewelry.com/collec…
https://techwireasia.com/2021/04/the-fut…
Panasonic, Nissan Motors, and Tesla intend to start using cobalt-free EV batteries within the next few years
The blended nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion battery is the current and most popular supported choice.
Cobalt, the expensive, rare, and toxic blue mineral that used to make up the entirety of the cathode of the widely-used lithium-ion batteries will gradually disappear in future electric vehicles, making them not only less environmentally harmful, but also cheaper. At least that’s the picture painted by the world’s largest EV battery makers at this year’s virtual Consumer Electronics Show (CES).
Why is it essential to go cobalt-free?
To put it simply, batteries typically account for 30% to 40% of an electric vehicle’s cost, and cobalt is one of the most expensive raw materials in the production process. By doing away with cobalt, EV-makers will be able to lower the cost and price of electric cars by up to a third. In fact, cobalt-free batteries already exist; they instead use lithium iron phosphate (or LFP) as a positive electrode material. But these batteries do not carry a charge for long and are only serviceable over short distances.
To begin with, from a commercial standpoint, cobalt is no friend of Li-ion battery manufacturers – owing to the high cost of extracting the element ready for application. This has led to many manufacturers seeking to eradicate the material, although this has not yet been fully achieved. As of now, the cost of cobalt is also set to rise as an effect of its dwindling supplies. In fact, the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) in Germany predicted that the supply of the metal will hit critically low levels by 2050, leading to an increased need to replace its use with new technology.
Finally, from an ethical and environmental standpoint, the material is also seen as an ingredient that quickly needs replacing. The mining process is notoriously unhealthy for its workers, with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reporting that “chronic exposure to cobalt-containing hard metal (dust or fume) can result in a serious lung disease called ‘hard metal lung disease.’”
Who is changing their electric vehicle batteries?
Panasonic, a major battery supplier to Tesla, unveiled earlier this year, its new lithium-ion cells that contain less than 5% cobalt. The Japanese company plan to further reduce that percentage to zero in the next two to three years, which is challenging from a manufacturing perspective but is worth the effort for both economic and environmental reasons. A
Another Japanese automaker, Nissan Motor, intends to start using cobalt-free EV batteries by the mid-2020s, according to Nikkei, as the rare metal element falls into short supply and concern rises about further price increases now that global demand for EVs is swelling. Nissan basically wants to reduce the cost of EVs, without affecting the range of these cars on a single charge. Their rivals are also racing toward the same goal lines whereby Tesla is currently striving to reduce the positive electrode’s cobalt composition ratio to a few percent. Its ultimate goal to
SJG
Solid State Batteries, 2021
https://techwireasia.com/2021/02/the-fut…
Hell Is For Children by Pat Benatar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxYsi5Y-…
live
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEf00GC1…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nWXf_FQ…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGVZOLV9…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Benata…